likely that the participle should be translated causally, not concessively.11 Thus we might render the verse as follows: “For you know the grace of our Lord Jesus Christ, that because he was rich, yet for your sakes he became poor, so that by his poverty you might become rich” (emphasis added). This translation means that Christ acted in self-giving graciousness because of the richness he possessed—not in spite of it. That is, the Messiah’s self-impoverishment, probably meaning both his incarnation